First confirmed occurrence of classical swine fever in Kerala state, India

This case study describes the first detection of classical swine fever (CSF) in Kerala state, India. Two cases of acute mortality in small-scale pig farming units were investigated. In both cases, affected pigs had been maintained on uncooked waste and were not vaccinated against CSF. Anorexia, hyperaemia of the ears, pyrexia, and convulsions were the primary clinical signs observed in both cases. Clinical signs exhibited, necropsy lesions, and histopathological findings suggested a diagnosis of CSF. Diagnosis was confirmed by detection of CSF viral nucleic acid by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in samples collected from both dead pigs. In Kerala, hereafter, differential diagnosis of acute mortality in pigs should include CSF. Suitable screening and control measures are to be implemented to prevent further outbreaks of the disease in this state.